12.7x99mm NATO

A heavy caliber rifle round, used in heavy machine guns and anti materiel rifles. A United States made round.

History
Originally made to fight the tanks of World War One by the United States, this round has become synonymous with high power, heavy recoil and devastating effects. It can be found under the designation of .50 BMG. While originally found in the venerable M2 Browning, it has recently branched out into the Anti Materiel Rifle category.

American Ammunition

 * M1919: Original .50 BMG load, developed with early tanks in mind.
 * M1 Ball: 750-grain FMJ predecessor of M2.
 * M2 Ball: 711-grain WW2-era round for HMG use.
 * M10: Tracer M2
 * M33: The bread-and-butter FMJ loading. Strong performance and can brute force through most body armor. There are purpose-built plates capable of stopping it, however, such as the SARVIP, as well as plates that happen to have the necessary resilience such as the AA4. For defeating most barriers, getting through house walls, and most certainly eliminating targets with less-than-optimal shot placement, this is the answer. Recommended starter round.
 * M17: Tracer round, used by M2 and M85 machine guns, and the M107 Long Range Sniper Rifle. The cartridge tracer is intended to permit visible observation of the bullets in-flight path or trajectory to the point of impact.
 * M2AP: Hardened steel penetrator, capable of defeating 30mm of RHA at 100m, and 19mm at 500m. Excellent for engaging lightly armoured vehicles and covered infantry.
 * M8 API: Incendiary variant. However, it came at cost of slightly worse penetration.
 * M20 API-T: Same as M8 plus tracer. However, contrary to expectations, its penetrate even better, due to core with high molybdenium content. Clearly, most useful round out of three.
 * M1 Incendiary: WW2-era aerial and anti-air bullet.
 * M23 Incendiary: Korean War-era special purpose incendiary round for aerial gunnery. Large incendary charge, designed to ignite jet fuel, and whooping 3400 fps muzzle velocity.
 * M903 SLAP: Discarding sabot tungsten core AP load, capable to penetrate about 40mm of RHA (and vast majority of body armor). Due to problems associating with design, usually limited to machine gun use. Tracer version is called M962.
 * Mk263: Modern refined AP load with hardened steel core. tracer version is called Mk257.
 * NM185: Heavy tungsten core penetrator, rated to defeat 22mm of RHA at 900m.
 * NM173: API variation
 * MAI AP: 700-grain tungsten core load, penetrating 12.7mm of HHA at 1000 yards.
 * APTC: Proposed discarding-sabot load for HMG with ability to defeat area targets at 2400m with 5-round bursts.
 * M45: Direct predecessor to Raufoss, featuring steel core.
 * Mk211: An infamous Raufoss - combined-effects projectile with tungsten penetrator and small explosive charge. Useful to taking out materiel, but don't put high hopes on it, as it only rated for 12.7mm of RHA at 200 yds. Tracer variant is called Mk300.
 * Mk211F3: Improved Raufoss round. Features improved cobalt-free tungsten penetrator and HMX-based explosive charge. Penetration at 200 yds was increased to 22mm, while 12,7mm armor now can be defeated at 1000 yds. Tracer variant is called Mk300 F3.
 * HAPI: One of the family developed by Ammo Inc. While Mk211F3 struggles to penetrate 12.7mm RHA at 1000 yards, HAPI clears it at 1200 yards, leaving a large half-inch hole in the process.
 * KICM SAPHEI: "Kinetic Initiated Core Munition", originally developed by Alliant Techsystems. Alternative to Raufoss, it's one of the first rounds to use reactive materials for behind-armor explosive and incendiary effects. Despite lacking tungsten core, it penetrates even better than Raufoss.
 * LC/68: Discarding sabot depleted uranium penetrator.
 * LC/70: Experimental tungsten fin-stabilized flechette.
 * DARPA Flechette: Experimental depleted uranium fin-stabilized projectile, capable to defeat about 50mm of RHA.
 * TRW: Nextgen depleted uranium flechette with even more penetration.
 * Lehigh Defense CF: Subsonic controlled fracturing projectile.
 * Lehigh Defense MS: Precision subsonic load.
 * Lehigh Defense Chaos: High terminal effect supersonic round.
 * XM Western: Prototype of high-explosive projectile, similar to Soviet MDZ.
 * FAP: Frangible round, made out of tungsten alloy, that progressively breaks up as it passes through the armor, releasing cloud of fragments on exit.
 * PELE: Competitor to FAP, comprised out of hard hollow body, filled with low-density material. After penetration, inner core causing the projectile body to fragment as it exits the target.
 * UO-42: Combination of frangible, but hard penetrator body and low-density filler.
 * UO-50: Heavier version of FAP and PELE combined.
 * Cyclone: Tubular Airfoil design with steel cutting ring. Excellent ballistics, good penetration and excellent wounding capabilities.
 * Lightfield Alpha: Hardened steel-cored AP round from 1980s.
 * SniperElite: Budget-minded steel AP with good ballistics. FMJ (training) and API variant is avaliable.
 * C44: 62-gram tungsten-cored AP-tracer round produced by General Dynamics for Canadian military.
 * Aeroshell: Proposed AP load with thick polymer jacket. Offers SLAP-comparable ballistics and penetration without problems, commonly associated with discarding sabot design.
 * AAI penetrator: Experimental tungsten-cored APDS load.
 * Picatinny SLAP: Prototype discarding-sabot load.
 * XM1175: Experimental Duplex load.

American Hunting/Civil Loads

 * AMAX: Well-known civlilian match-grade 750-grain round. Good ballistics.
 * Barnes: Another, 800-grain match round.
 * Berger Titan: Family of ultra-low-drag match ammo. Titan-H is hunting variant, designed for maximal wounding, Titan-M is strictly match-grade and Titan-T have tungsten tip, that offers limited AP capabilities.
 * Blackwater IFS: Another ultra-low-drag precision ammo.
 * Fiskerton: 800-grain moly-coated copper slug with impressive external ballistics.
 * M1022: Mil-spec Long Range Sniper Ammunition.
 * McMillan: Ultra-low-drag solid bullet. Supposedly have best ballistics of any commercial offferings.

European Ammunition

 * PPI Anthena: French steel-core AP projectile, capable to match some of tungsten-core rounds performance.
 * PPI AP2: Improved version of Anthena with even better performance.
 * DM31: German steel-core round, based on PPI design.
 * DM13: Bundeswehr WC-core AP round.


 * Waffen-Ingold: Ultra-precision Swiss ammo with brass projectile.
 * Eurometaal AP2000: Tungsten projectile, penetrating over 40mm of RHA.
 * API2000: The incredibly unoriginally named API variation
 * Eurometaal Z1 G17: AP load with large WC core.
 * Mk169 APEI: "Economy" multipurpose round by FN, equipped with steel penetrator. Rated to penetrate 22mm of RHA at 100m. Tracer variant is called Mk169T.
 * M02 APEI: Bosnian steel-cored APEI round, not related to Belgian Mk169, but with similar pefrormance.
 * RUAG Swiss P APISX: .50 cal variant of famous Swiss P AP loads. Plus incendiary.
 * RUAG HCSX: Swiss bullet with hard steel core. Used as threat for VPAM13-level armor.

British Ammunition

 * Omega AP: UK armor-piercing load.
 * Omega Match: UK-produced match load.
 * Kynoch AP1511: Experimental UK WC-cored tracer bullet.

African Ammunition

 * Truvelo TRVM: South African stainless steel-cored budget-minded AP round.

Other Ammunition

 * KTW: Experimental metal-piecing design.
 * SL43: Prototype of molybdenum AP round
 * IVI-73: Cheap APDS with steel core.
 * SSB3: Triplex squeeze-bore load.
 * SSB4: Quadraplex squeeze-bore load.
 * SSB5: 5-round squeeze-bore load
 * DSG: Supercavitating round for defeating underwater targets
 * DSG APS: Supercavitating AP round for defeating protected underwater targets.
 * DSG XMP: Ultraheavy 1330-grain Tungsten penetrator, capable to clear even thick steel plates despite rather low velocity and inflict massive behind-armor damage. Subsonic version is called SUB-P.
 * Bull EFP: Esoteric round, once made by legendary Gerard Bull. Instead of bullet, it shoots explosive formed projectile. Liner was made out of copper coins.
 * Toothpick: Modern, refined version of EFP load with hi-velocity tantalum liner. Range is rather short, but anti-material effects are impressive.
 * Blackjack: Same as Toothpick, but with DU liner. Improved penetration and destructive effects.
 * LLA: Less-than-lethal load. Yes, it's .50 BMG. But hey, someone wanted to shoot protestor with M82 without killing them, so...
 * TZ: High-velocity plastic ammo.
 * RBCD-SA200: Unproven "blended metal" "wunderwaffe" high-velocity round.
 * RBCD-SA200F: Overpressure variant of RBCD-200.
 * RBCD-SA500: 500-grain "blended metal ammo".
 * Glasser HVAP: Experimental hypervelocity round with tungsten-tantalum penetrator. For anti-tank duties and such.

Red Mercury Ammunition Index

 * LC/08: Discarding sabot round with Stakalloy core.
 * ZMP: Ultraheavy 1330-grain Stakalloy penetrator. Round loaded with advanced propellants, so it's velocity and ballistics is also better than XMP